The Nobel Assembly of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm has distinguished with the Nobel Prize in Medicine researchers James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo. The award is due to his research on immunotherapy against cancer. The treatments developed thanks to the discoveries of both scientists are able to spur the immune system to deal with tumors, which has revolutionized cancer therapies and has completely changed the way we see how to deal with the disease, «said the Academy when announcing the award. In particular, Allison -of US nationality- and Honju -Japanese- discovered how to «free» two brakes of the immune system that, in practice, helped to spread cancer. Controlling its action, it is achieved that the body’s defenses fight tumors, its action is stimulated, which has led to great results in the fight of some types of cancer, such as melanoma or lung cancer, among others. In recent years, in fact, immunotherapy has been postulated as one of the most effective weapons when it comes to dealing with cancer. Last January, James P. Allison was honored with the Frontiers of Knowledge Award, awarded by the BBVA Foundation, in the category of Biomedicine. Last year, Nobel Prize Laureates in Medicine were American researchers Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young for their discoveries about the molecular mechanisms that regulate circadian rhythms. In 2016, the award winner was the Japanese researcher Yoshinori Oshumi for the discovery of the mechanisms of autophagy, key for cell recycling. In 2015, the Nobel Prize in Medicine distinguished the discoverers of new treatments for parasitic diseases. The scientists William C. Campbell and Satoshi Omura received the award for discovering a new therapy against roundworm infections (nematodes) and Youyou Tu for developing a novel treatment against malaria.Al of Medicine or Physiology, the Nobel announcements will continue this week of Physics, on Tuesday; Chemistry, on Wednesday; and that of Economy on Monday, October 8. Oslo will host the Nobel Peace Prize announcement on Friday the 5th. For the first time since 1949, the Literature Prize has been postponed and will not be announced until next year.